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synagogue or town hall .. ?
.. .. A new question that arose with an article in the "Thüringer Allgemeine" on 09/04/2010 for Mühlhäuser historical research.
really a sensation, which was proclaimed as the article by Jürgen wall.
should be so according to the thesis of the amateur historian Roland length of the main building of the old town hall Mühlhäuser the time the largest and best preserved medieval synagogue in Europe have been.
a thesis, which seemed implausible from the start .. and was in an opinion from the city archive and the historical society also described as non-assignable.
also a thesis that might encourage, further insights into the winning history of our city.
Karsten Liesenberg had Mühlhäuser the contributions of "History of the Jews in Mulhouse ..." the origins of the Jews demonstrated in our city.
was so well populated in the Middle Ages from the beginning the Jews street (currently Jüdenstraße) by the Jews of the city. The Jews were "enemies of Christianity" marginalized and humiliated again and again. They were allowed to acquire land and hold a craft. They could just trade the money and business. Thus, already in Mühlhäuser imperial law book (in 1220) listed the Jews as money-lenders.
as "chamber servants" were subject to the Jews at that time directly to the royal protection and royal power were allowed, but not carry arms and were therefore not full legal capacity.
They had since 1215 a certain clothing - and who usually lived in certain streets Jews - the kaftan and the yellow Jewish hat.
The Jewish quarter in Mulhouse was on the border between the Old and New Town and, arguably, with the emergence of this New Town in the 12th - 13th century have been in response.
For the protection of Jews by the King, wanted for this special tax that Jews shelf.
in Mulhouse, the City of the king, should have been collected by this tax probably royal mayor. Nevertheless, it was
during the crusades and beyond, again and again to attacks against the "Christ killers" who were accused of host desecration and ritual murder.
The synagogues or prayer houses were then located in the Jewish quarter or in the Jewish street. In Erfurt in recent years in the 14 Century abandoned synagogue rediscovered and restored.
in Mulhouse was the Jewish synagogue very likely from the start in the middle of the Jewish quarter at the site of the later synagogue.
1349 was then murdered in Mühlhausen in Thuringia Pestprogrom addition to the other Jews, the Rabbi Eliezer, but whether that time was a synagogue here is not known. If so .., it was determined as the Erfurt synagogue desecrated or destroyed.
From 1370, there were some Jews again in Mulhouse, but in 1406 there were only six Jewish families in the city. In 1445 there were 11 Jewish families, and then since 1430 there was again a rabbi. As 1450 drew to new anti-Jewish wave through the country, in 1452 all the Jews of the city was captured, dispossessed and expelled.
The thesis of Roland Long, after the town hall was originally the Mühlhäuser Synagogue appears unlikely, since they can provide for me and the official opinion of the many insights into the early history of our city and to city hall, no concrete facts contrary.
follows is therefore a view of these findings to the Town Hall and a possible predecessor to be thrown.
had Well Mühlhausen as a palace city of the German kings and emperors once not a real town hall, but from the royal prefect or Vogt manages ... A state that went well but with the destruction of the imperial castle in 1256 to an end.
Here arises the question of where this royal administrators met and ruled. In the castle of the king .. or on a separate seat ..?
in Erfurt were detected as in the place of the old town hall old residential towers as the administrative seat of the Podestà, which were then integrated into the first town hall building.
now included the residential towers and bowers in addition to the churches and castles of the first massive structures in Germany, which were often built yet in terms of defensive ability with raised access.
to Mühlhäuser contributions, Issue 17, had Mahr Bernhard and Martin sinner, a possible residential tower as a predecessor to the Town Hall core structure is described.
For rehabilitation work on City Hall turned out that the area of today's wedding room in the original building obviously the ground floor of a residential tower was its north and south walls in masonry up to its roof area is detected. Through the archway built over - by now leads the Ratstraße - and the north wing was built, then the main building of the town hall. This was followed
then the western extension, which probably belonged to the previously mentioned "Knights Cellar" and later the south wing and the two north-west wing, which in my post No. 49 have been identified "700 Years of Mulhouse City Hall.
The sketch shows the Rathauskernbau from the south, with the obvious existing residential tower, which also apparently had a high-level access on the south side.
Together with the first Western production (the Knight basement) residential tower that could very well be a "solid farm" an important royal residence have been.
The elevated access of the residential tower on the south side, was then probably the beginning of the 13th century and the access to the council chamber on the upper level of the core structure.
received Rathauskernbau The elder then in the 14th Century, the western extension and the 15th Century on the east side of a building extension, which was used as town hall and chapel in the 16th Century, the cultivation of the south wing with today's town hall access. With this extension was the former south wall of the residential tower completely covered and can be recognized only to the inner parts of the building. 
on an important predecessor to the Town Council also recalls the situation in the developing city. So this was predecessor (R) at the interface between the old town, Neustadt and St.Jakobi. This was identified with the Tower as a royal administrative center and with the Rathauskernbau not only old and new towns connected by the Schwemmnotte but previously created a symbolic unifying power center for the royal city.
In issue 27 of the posts Mühlhäuser Peter Buehner had written about his investigation into the planning of medieval buildings in Mulhouse. He showed that in the Middle Ages were arranged in several important buildings to Mulhouse trigonometric constructions (equilateral triangles). In addition to stage records, I could still numerous other assignments of structures according to this principle, determine the further insights into the chronological relationship of others brought.
shows an interesting design stage the Town Hall site as a vertex to the classification of the Church of St. James of the obviously older St.Blasiuskirche. is now in the normal case, the apex often the second-oldest point of this arrangement, which classifies time in this case the City Hall site before the construction of the Church of St. James.
An allocation of the Church of St. James by Roland Lange suspected synagogue, however, is entirely of its time andenkbar.
An exact date something is possible even at the designs for the classification of the gates that were built either shortly before or soon after 1200 with the inner wall.
The red lines connecting the first goals have pretty much the location of the previous building as the intersection of City Hall and the blue at a right angle triangle connects the Görmartor with the Town Hall site and the somewhat later part Pfortentor. This is still on, that the baseline of this construction exactly parallel with the early line St.Georgi - St. Mary's runs - Burg.
So everything before the first mention of the town hall of 1310, but probably never be used as orientation for a Jewish synagogue.
Obviously, this principle is still a technological structure that connects the suburban churches with each other and as the intersection also has the Town Hall site.
Even if we assume this also could Zeitpunktnach 1310, is unthinkable in any case, a synagogue at this location at this time, as far as the recently publicized "Judeo-Christian roots" in those days not. .. On the contrary, Jewish discrimination and persecution of Jews held for a long time, also in Mulhouse.
If, Roland Lange writes that gapes 1300-1500 a gap in the historiography of the City Hall, he has indeed wrong in terms not on written evidence, but the numerous structural facts are speaking for the town hall and even an important former headquarters at this point.
This important position was still in time as a royal palace city of Mulhouse is also evident from the illustration, where the Rathausvorgängerbau not only the new and old parts of the city connects, but also for the classification of the gates early 13 Century was significant.
The illustration shows the city hall in the 14th Century. Links of the original core building and right next to the western extension of the middle of the century. on the open sale of the northern arches open access to the council chamber upstairs.
1422 Chronicle reported the city that were classified by the big fire in the street and the Town Hall with Council and 1455 was then, according to the Council Cronik chapel (the eastern extension) built. A Christian chapel at the Jewish Sanagoge ..?
Roland Lange puts forward the question of Schwemmnotte in his article. When Schwemmnotte was in the statutes of 1311 declared a deduction for the waste water, which concerned the whole downtown area well, where even the former Poppe Roeder Bach then the new names - led - just as Schwemmnotte.
After 1292 the broad brawn was led into the upper town, probably arose soon as opposite shows the road streams (light blue), which then led to the predominantly Schwemmnotte.
Also, most copies of the upper town (brown) were used as sewers resulted in the Schwemmnotte and although the first is already behind the pepper mill at Felchtaer the room.
had, especially in the lower town, the larger plots of land usually own house well and could well have existed on the north side of the old town hall building, which was even with the porch probably the trade, a well. 1747, then here in the courtyard of the still existing "Venetian fountain" was erected.
A year earlier (1746) reported the Chronicle that ", renovated, at the town hall of the sky and gemalet .." was. The assumption of many years, this ceiling painting dates from around 1330 is likely to be obsolete, since the wooden vault of the council chamber was not until 1367 consistently. The still existing ceiling painting with the four world empires of the ancient world, could however well be developed on the basis of earlier paintings.
Smiley is therefore once again confronted with the problem of old and new knowledge and old and new theories to reconcile,,,, course it is always there, where concrete facts are missing, get new ideas and Certainly one should create new thoughts and ideas not just filed away ..
.. DerAutor has since .. his experiences in derVergangenheit, because everything that comes not from the elite group of official historians .., is considered not at first ..
.. or you dear reader, here are a commentary by the official Page .. read?
.. In general, the continuation of the Thuringian series of articles about the "lost synagogue" was announced ...
.. we were curious ... and, if necessary, will follow yet determined a part 2 of the post "synagogue or town hall ..??.."
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