Behind The Rebel Lines Summary For Chapter 1

68) Industrial development in Mühlhausen

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The development of the industry


Mühlhausen actually began in the Middle Ages with the numerous water mills, which were almost all work mechanized.

At the Unstrut on mill race, Poppe Röder the creek and lay on the broad brawn than twenty mills, of which a large part was used as a saw, paper, tan and powder mill, as well as spinning and Krämpelmühle.

At the end of the Saxons road was later paper mill that was operated in 1542 as an armor polishing mill, powder mill, she flew 1602 "with a loud bang in the air .." and then it was a fulling mill and from operated in 1829 as a paper mill, but served from 1852 as a woolen textile production.

With the introduction freedom of trade were the beginning of the 19th Century in Mulhouse several manufacturers and entrepreneurs of the textile factories.

Especially Famlie Lutterodt took several mills for the production of textiles. The spin machine took over a job right now. Was it 1817 1706 spindles were operated, their numbers increased in 1846 to 8366 spindles.

The pasture mill in today's game mountain road was already in the 18th Century long lease on the family Lutterodt. 1801 was used as a spinning mill and later as a mechanical weaving. Soon other mills were

how the pepper mill, the hemp sack mill and the field mill and the mill blades, equipped for the production of textiles

then 1859 was the first steam engine situated in Mulhouse and 1865 were already 20 companies converted to steam operation.

the coals still had to be taken by horse and wagon of Gotha, and only with the connection to the railway network in 1870 improved the transport critical in the early years.

were now more and more factories that took over the machine to work.

were driven mostly by the machine belts. The transmissions were often several factory facilities and were driven by the steam engine.

was often but in addition to mechanical processing also the manual labor in factories, for example in the assembly, etc.

Numerous previous craftsmen were now working in the factory.
was in the large companies now have a new hierarchy.

addition to the unskilled workers for simple jobs, there was the apprentice and the master, usually a department head. There was the office administrator, the design and the shipping department.

were particularly in the textile factories, numerous women, mostly against lower wage deals.

Various Holdings employed but continue to home workers, the simple work against piecework at home in exporting.



in various trades, such as in wood processing in the leather industry and the clothing industry, was the handiwork remains dominant.

, also with wood-processing factory on the Hill and Pabst Peter Steinweg, whose workforce can be seen on the adjacent picture.



was 1851, the leather manufacturer Friedrich Stephan founded his leather factory in Johannistal. In 1911 there were 10 tanneries in Mulhouse and 5 leather factories.
Mühlhäuser leather was a long time for his good Known quality, and so was the leather processing (shoemakers, saddlers, etc.) here represented.

Later operated as VEB leather goods factory, which is now operated entirely disappeared. The historic front building were developed into apartments.

By Shu factory Schreiber & Horner Wagenstedter in the street, which had nearly 200 employees, the work of many previously shoemaker has been impaired. Now one bought his shoes in the shoe business and would not make it by hand.
Later it was the teaching or the BBS of VEB Mülana.

Ernst Bernhard Claes (1839 - 1909) had been taught machinist and machine factory, founded in 1869 Claes & Flentje, for which he earned in 1870 on a large plot in the Martini suburb. Here he built a large engineering works, were produced in the knitting and shoe-sewing machines.

In 1910 the company had about 1,000 employees and made even the brand bicycles "Arrow" her. out

In the communist era as the first company with state participation, was national scale the sewing machine factory is then, since the turn mostly empty and the stately mansions on claes between Kilian ditch are still waiting for a meaningful experience.

was behind the Harwand In 1869, the metal goods factory of the brothers Franke, where locks and fittings were made. In the communist era have been here in Mövewerk 2 produced mostly bicycle and automobile parts. In 1995, the factory area "cleared".

had in 1860, the tanner Kleeberg on the cross ditch his tannery, which then extended to Morocco leather and leather factory of the brothers Kleeberg was. operated

In the communist era as blankets factory buildings are now used only in part.


1901 had let the manufacturer Binkebank Wanfrieder in the road building a colored weaving, which included the prestigious villa built in 1905.

The factory buildings were partly demolished after 1990 and developed in part for residential purposes.

The road bridge was the knitwear factory Aulepp their production building.

Many small knitting mills had developed into larger farms. So the knitting counselors in today's Thalmann road.

Mühlhausen in 1880 there were 13 Strickereifabriken with about 900 employees, of whom 650 women.

was 1898, the woolen mill at what is now Thomas Munzer Street. The worsted and woolen Mühlhäuser employed in 1910 about 1,000 employees, of which over half were women. Several
dyers and Appreturfabriken were incurred for the textile processing and as large companies in the apparel industry.

existed since 1897 in the Fountain Street the Thuringian machine and bicycle factory Walter & C0.

The 400 workers were involved in her first knitting machine and then more and more famous "gull" bikes.

The picture shows the work with the extension in 1930. In the nineties, then the whole plant was demolished.

1875 was developed in the locust street in front of the exterior of the Thuringia Frauentor Brewery by August Schmidt.

The Schmidt brewery was located before the stone path in the later Thuringiahaus. At that time there were several small breweries in the city, but were then superseded by the larger companies.

The last three breweries then disappeared after the turn and also on the grounds of the Thuringia-brewery created new single-family homes.

1894 derFabrikant Riebel had his cigar manufacturing recorded at the lower market and 1914 was his cigar factory in Eisenach road put into operation.

was here then later the tube work of C. Lawrence, which was run in the communist era as VEB tube itself again.

is here today, the district court.

was in the twenties at the turn of the military Thuringia-spinning, then in the communist era as Strikerei of VEB Mülana was extensively modernized.

The twenties were marked by a number of bankruptcies of large and small businesses. Especially in the 1922/23 period of inflation and unemployment rose enormously.


sank the Nazis then, unemployment again, because in addition to new barracks were built and reinforced arms factories.

were so camouflaged in the forest part of equipment manufacturing in the city several thousand workers employed in the production of detonators for grenades and Flack were here during the war intensified, so-called "Eastern workers" used which had been deported from Russia.

1945, then most of the large companies put under receivership and later "converted into public property".

This is also the dyeing Giebe in the blade, which then continued to run as VEB Cottana.

The bicycle factory Walter & Co in 1945 German-Soviet joint-stock company (DSAG) and now produced under Soviet leadership.

1947 the company passed back in German hands and continued as VEB Mövewerk.

In the first Years have been made here to be the popular Gull bicycles. When the operation but then to VEB IFA-Kombinat came, we switched to the production of automotive equipment. The plant was to operate behind the Harwand part 2 and the Schadeberg 1985-88 was a modern major operation.

In the nationalized industry is now struggling in the socialist competition for high performance plan, the activist movement and the struggle of the socialist brigades played a major role.

1972, the semi-public companies and large co-production of crafts in the industry vokkseigene "Converted" so that now included the entire industry, "state-owned sector."





Part of VEB-holdings has been incorporated into larger conglomerates, the more centralized planning and management better enforce.

For some companies, the improvements brought by the use of modern machines and by further improving the working and living conditions of its employees.
heard so the VEB Mülana of the largest manufacturers of knitwear in the NSW (.. non-socialist economic region ..)

The previous VEB VEB tube factory was now considered a modern microelectronics Haupbetrieb Görmarschen on the road where calculators and small computers were produced.

came after the turn but also for the 2,700 employees of Mikroelelektronik "that took off ..!



The turn of 1989 and German reunification, the end for almost all state-owned enterprises. Some were still a few months continued under the direction of the trust and then followed in most farms, the demolition excavators, as here at Cottana-heating plant.

thousands of workers became unemployed because the few start-ups of plants, only a portion of the workforce field.

was the once thriving industry in the city of the past.




course, Smiley must say that has improved over the years in Mühlhausen much .., but such large companies as in the 19th Century, will give it here with us again.

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