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63) fortifications - 2 -

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The outer fortifications of the free imperial city ..

Even before the construction of the inner city Auer there were settlements in the later suburbs, often created in the context of Feudalhöfe along the arterial roads.

The outer city wall of about 6.5 km in length, were then in the middle of the 14th Century, these suburban areas protected. Before, it was
here probably already ramparts and ditches and sometimes even with Pallisadenzäune Lehmgeflecht (hair wall), which were then replaced by a stone wall. Instead of the former "Patrollgassen" that ran behind the wall, have long held some footpaths (rosehip ditch, grave lane). The outer city wall was the end of the 18th Century and largely dismantled gradually disappeared and the ramparts and ditches.

the only goal of the outer city walls, the exterior Frauentor exists. It was one of the gates and led to the larger suburb Hessenweg old that ran past the Gallows (Protect mountain) and on towards Tonberg Eigenrieden.
from here was the attachment to the wall and ditch digging to Tonbergstraße rose hips, where they have a sharp bend to the east to present-day intersection means street - Peter Steinweg - made Harwand.
From there, the attachment along today Harwand, Unstrut in direction.


At the end of the Old Blobachs had been at the Harwand the former Emperor Door . Probably this resulted in two old roads that came from the imperial castle, the Tonberg to Hesse and by the width of wood in the direction of the Holy City.
When it does not Reichsburg longer existed and led the road to Hesse on Blobach and the outer Frauentor was derAlte Blobach as an arterial road fell and the Emperor Door was ersetzt.Von by the new Schaffentor here now led the roads to the Holy City on the Dörnaer waiting and after Dingelstedt on Lengefelder waiting. (The road to the waiting Lengefelder earlier before branching off towards Sambach Lengefeld)

By Ammertor the street from Pfortentor led coming to the bridge bunting buntings. An older road is expected earlier by the oil pit on the lower village of St.Daniel Buntings have resulted.
From here we went in the direction Dachrieden and Roeder's own observatory in the Western Harz.
offered to larger attacks probably the outer fortifications no serious protection. Including 1632, the gatekeeper had taken to his heels, so was that the General Pappenheim and his troops without opposition to move into the Margerethenvorstadt. From
Ammertor was now the external defenses south of the Unstrut Wagenstedter towards goal. For a long time was the then still the grave street course at the former Berlin Wall. The
Ammertor was canceled 1817th

At the Wagenstedter Bürck, which is an important Unstrut ford had been preceded, was the Wagenstedter or Schindertor, which was demolished in 1862 .
(Next door was the urban knacker, where the slave-worked)
From here the roads were in the north east winds mountain, the forest mountain to Saalfeld and digging for grains and from there on in the eastern Harz.

By Klingentor led the street from Görmartor coming on towards Görmar. Here in derNähe there was the mill blades, after the street was named in derKlinge.
The gate was broken off, according to Chronicle of 1867 and then led here from 1871 the newly named William Street to the new rail freight depot Gotha - Mulhouse - Leinefelde.
The outer city wall, and wall and moat, leading from the mill blades in the direction of the former gas works were, however, disappeared by this time already.



Also Bollstedt gate, which stood near the intersection of August-Bebel-Strasse / Waidstraße had soft, 1873, new roads of the new railway station district.
From here used to be a road below the giant mountain back to Inger Bollstedt and the other on the mountain path and the giant Inger southeast.
Gateway was in 19 Century Powder Tower, the powder magazine of the Prussian garrison. The former Powder Tower on the main street was probably man of the city but has become too dangerous.



The Outer Gate Erfurt had long been the most important postern gate to the southeast in the direction of Erfurt Langensalza.

led from here in the streets of the pity and the mountain cave Erfurt.

Similar to the exterior of the exterior was Frauentor Erfurt gateway to the large suburban doors. The gate was broken off 1823rd In the construction of the road Langensalzaer the foundation of the gate was again exposed.

The outer city wall led early from the outside gate in the direction of Erfurt Neupfortentor appearance, which was equal to the old cemetery at the Eisenacherstraße.

The gate was only after the construction of the extended Neupfortentores occurred on Lindenbühl. From here the road now led through the advocacy towards Eisenach and on the "thief stairs" to the south.

The former five-storey gate was demolished in 1791 and partially until 1871 then was the now two-story gate broken off completely. led

about equal to the current path Schiller then the outer city wall further west, where they then turned off to below the present town hill in the north to the Outer Lutterodtstraße Felchtaer goal.

The Outer Gate Felchtaer was on the road today Wanfrieder corner Lutterodtstraße and led, as the name suggests, actually about Felchta towards Eisenach.

The Lutterodtstraße was formerly known as Patrollgasse, because on or behind the outer walls of the Patroillengang was for the guards, in times of war.

in 1825 dropped out of the gate, and soon thereafter the road to Wanfried chaussiert "and as new Hessenweg expanded.

The actual city hall or the Hegemal was reported in the home directory of 1292 and was limited in part by waiting towers, but seems to have had no special attachment.

This corridor ran from border to go home in (+) and from there to Görmar, Castle Rieth (+), Hausenrode (+), Popperode (+), Nützigerode (+) and buntings, back to Reiser.
Hegemal This included perhaps the old territory of the town, which was then added through the villages gained expanded to the urban rich territory.

On the hills around the town had in the Middle Ages 11 waiting towers of which threatened attacks on the towers of the city were reported. There were round towers, which are accessible only by ladder was reached.

following waiting were identified from Altenburg:
Tonbergswarte, Nützigeroder waiting, caretakers, Forest Mountain Observatory, Saalfeld waiting, waiting on the red mountain, Schadeberg waiting, cat tower,
Spielberg Wait, Dorla waiting, waiting for oaks.

The wait was only partially occupied in wartime, but were then very often. In case of imminent danger, the guards gave a shot and gave the day and at night smoke signals fire signs. The towers in the city, even after the fires in the city had to watch out for, then alarmed the citizens by ringing the bells.

The territory of the Free City was around 1370 in the west and north by the protected Mühlhäuser Landgraben .

The 26 km-long border with mounting wall and a moat was also protected by Knickverhaue.

At the six roads that crossed the ditch country also were waiting and the roads were blocked by an outer and an inner barrier.

Today is only the Lengefelder waiting on the road to get Dingelstädt.

The own Rieder was waiting at the old Hessenweg, which originally ran from here on Lengenfeld under a stone at Eschwege.

Only in the late Middle Ages and the new road at the beginning of the 19th century the street was then passed on to the Hessian Wanfried.




The Dörnaer waiting is to escort the old road leading to Holy City to Göttingen.

talked on the streets of their rulers a convoy escorts for merchant trains, etc., as it often on the streets of raids came. Later, it was often the Knights, who had to back up the escort, then as the robber barons - made unsafe even the roads - often under the pretext of the feud.

The Lengefelder is waiting on the road to Dingelstädt, which then led to Duderstadt in the West resin.

branched Originally this road on the broad road to the brawn of the Holy City and then went on Röttelsee (+) and Haurieden (+) and on the same Lengefeld waiting.
Here is the old watch tower still there, but barriers also here no more.

The Horsmar was waiting at the old market street that branched off from the Heiligenstädterstrasse and also led to Rückelrode (+), Dangsdorf (+) and Dörnrode (+) to Horsmar. from here to tire in the western stone resin.

The guardhouse of waiting later served as a forester's house and watch-tower in 1967 and now eingestürtzt disappeared.

The own Roeder waiting was formerly known as Schalcheröder waiting, for the village Eigenrode later was received from deserted villages.

The road came from buntings on Dachrieden and led then the waiting for Hüpstedt and Worboys.

She had the older "Long Road" replaced, the coming of Mulhouse past the royal palace Tuttensode (+) in shoots for Sollstedt room and then led to the North.

By the end of the rich urban life (1802) were the favorite playing frontier and Fortifications of the free imperial city still exists, but then completely lost their meaning and were no longer maintained.

remember Some day only corridor or street names to the once important fortifications of the old city.

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62) fortifications - 1 -

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The inner city wall and its gates and towers ...

.. Smiley wants to show in Part 1 of the post over the fixing of our former free city of Mulhouse and briefly describe ...


A specific year, the city wall was built not yet be determined. During the period some attaches to 1170, then the time around 1210 was assumed to be likely.
was obviously the city wall was built but the settlement at St.Kiliani, in the lower city and also in St.Jakobi and New Town at St. Mary's preceded it.
The assumed "via triumphalis" the New Town - the plan probably, but not entirely for execution came, but then was derStadtmauer by building fell.

Let's start our tour at the 2,700 meter long inner city wall that still exists today on inner Frauentor.
The gate leading to the Church of Our Lady "- St. Mary's church - and was originally a multi-storey high tower, which burned in 1649 and was renewed in 1654-55 in its current form. The outer gate was built in 1552 according to Altenburg and 1830 aborted.
The watercolor shows the state about 1840.


most romantic reveals the inner city wall at Hirschgraben .. which is still called by the meisst Mühlhäuser as High trench. This is still the high wall and moat before derMauer available that surrounded earlier almost the whole inner city wall. The deer had
ditch the city in the 17th Century deer park established. Between
Frauentor and Pfortentor past had 5 city wall towers.
In the picture of Carl Michel at the forefront of Hospital tower in the background of Rabenturm .
The tower on the rainy street was taken in 1688 on the tower stumps were then "pleasure house" of the applied Property owners in derHolzstraße that can be seen today as the city wall.

The tower in the dead end in a shot from the twenties. As here most of the city wall towers were on the city side open.
The individual floors were reached by ladders.
is here it is a type of the first construction period, when the front yet finished with the wall. Only later were semicircular or rectangular towers, like the Hospital Tower or the raven tower.
From St. Peter's Church to Pfortentor sufficient by the gates of St. Peter and pond, which - were used for fish farming and - - like the castle pond like this one - in the 19 Century were drained.


The Pfortentor was stopped as the last gate of the inner city wall in 1891.
It was probably in the 13th Century emerged as a narrow gate and was in the 18th donkey Century through a new door replaced.
Even the front gate, which led only in the direction of creating Torstraße was replaced in 1720 by a new gate in the direction Ammer road, but already the 18th. canceled.
The upper floors of the towers used to house the first gatekeeper and tax collectors, but often as a residence for city employees.
started collapsing the Kanzleibote Nicol in 1622, who lived in Pfortentor, drunk from the steep stairs ".. And fell to death .." as the Chronicle reported.

Between Pfortentor and the gate were two towers, which disappeared during the eruption of Hoyer Lane and Bollstedt alley. The castle gate
was originally a gate that led to the former imperial castle and was rebuilt only in 1612 to the gate.
Even the outer gate in the picture was built in 1612, but in 1801 again interrupted. Then in 1825 was also the inner gate broken off and had a wide passage to the place and the Castle Street created

The demolition of historic sites in Mühlhausen tradition. Managed to destroy the citizens of the City at that time Reichsburg in 1256 so thoroughly that only the name reminded her of the castle site.
1851 then acquired the brewer Weymar the site, here built his brewery and the still existing "art ruins," so that at least still somewhat reminiscent of the former royal palace.


Available also the section of the city wall, the citizens had errichteten.Auch in 1250 between the city and the castle tower in the Broad Street inhabited earlier, but was canceled 1899th Now here is the passage to the Castle Gallery, a popular shopping center on the castle grounds, but with the also the last chance of a study of the former castle site was lost.

Gone is the so-called 1867 Powder Tower, standing at the end of Captain Lane. The breakthrough of the captain of the cross road ditch in 1875 was later described as Alexandertor because he was inspired by the city council Alexander Graeger war.Zwischen the castle gate and the Görmartor was formerly the moat and cross the moat, which were later filled. In this section of the city wall were 6 City wall towers, one of which is now only the tower at Toll Cross ditch there.

The powerful Toll tower on the cross ditch was once used as a prison and also often been here, "secures .. great people .. and nonsensical," according to Altenburg The tower was far removed from the narrowly built streets, so that the screams were not heard of the insane.

were probably here in the 17th Century, the "witch" jailed, which have been questioned before the most secure death sentence only once embarrassing. The "Witches alley" behind the walls is therefore likely to have their names.

In the photo about a hundred years, but then prevailed here before the high Leimsiederhäuser, which ranged over the suburbs.

The Görmartor was described by the old castle as the oldest of the inner city gates. It was renewed 1597th From here the road was important to the later Wagenstedter Unstrut ford and bridge, led by the old country roads in the north and northeast. The inner gate was broken off 1850th

The average gate was broken off 1822nd Here diverted before the bridge over the mill race from the road to Klingentor through which you came directly to Görmar.

Altenburg points to around 1824 other 5 walls between the towers and the Erfurt Görmartor gate of which were broken off but two in 1790 and 1799. The other towers There is here no longer, as is the gap that gave the Kilian ditch its name.

The goal Erfurt is one of the first city gates, but was first mentioned in documents in 1290. The average gate was built in 1592 and stopped as the inner gate 1841st From here the important roads in the south and southeast.



between the gate and the Erfurt Neupfortentor lay at the bottom Lindenbühl two towers.

The new gate was probably after the donkey gate, but probably in the 13th Century, created in 1527 and 1573 turned into a Neupfortentor extended.

From the inner gate a bridge over the ditch to the middle gate Watercress. Both goals but were stopped in 1827 and only the customs house on the Lindenbühl stood for a while.

Also on Lindenbühl there was a wall and a deep ditch outside the city walls. Between Neupfortentor and Felchtaer gate there used 8 towers, which included the still existing five-sided tower.

grew in the moat outside the city walls flowed a small stream on whose banks the much-appreciated watercress. Today's Watercress Road reminds us of that time.

The Lindenbühl takes its name from the lords of the Bühl Bodenstein, in the southwest of the Middle Ages a fortified gate Felchtaer Feudalhof - had - a Bühl. Such was
Feudalhofe the royal ministeriales that time both in and outside the city, which here had both a monitoring as well as a protective function.

The Wall on Lindenbühl was later planted with lime trees and the 19th Century were also the plants, which today is surrounded by almost the whole city.

The Felchtaer Gate was originally the gate to the road in the Bailiwick and to Eisenach, the led to the Spielberg and Felchta. Only at the beginning of the 19th Century we went from here on the road to Wanfrieder Eschwege.

1837, the goal then was already suspended and one year later, also the middle gate. This was in 1413 and 1598 erstnals mentioned a "couple welsch" rebuilt.

On ball Leich 1878 the old attachment between the High and Felchtaer trench gate removed, creating a passage to Jakobistraße. Of the six towers between the gate and the Felchtaer Frauentor there are now no more. The so-called exploration chairs that were located near the city gates, are except the one between Raven and Frauntor tower disappeared.

On the former tower on the corner of High Pits ball corpse.

The city wall itself but was placed through the centuries, ever repaired. Although very end of the 19th Century had to yield some pieces of other buildings.

became so in 1879 at the end of the road choice, the former tower, the tower stump recently as syringe house was demolished and a breakthrough in the Wall created a connection to the High trench Bastmarkt.

The impasse was here earlier than called "silver corner , a counterpart to the "Golden corner" near the women's door.

The city wall had become transparent, but still shows some parts of the former fortification of the former free imperial city and are now listed.

On inner Frauentor , wounser tour began at the city wall, he also ends.

Everywhere there have been changes. The city gates that once served to protect (.. and customs revenues, ..) of the city were stopped in the 19th century as annoying obstacles one by one.

played this is in the infamous door locked a role, because the gates at sunset closed and only opened again at dawn.

Holy Mother escaped demolition only through the adjacent part of additional gates, which had soft but some of the old houses near the gate.

Well ..., Smiley, on the one hand, the disappearance of gates and towers regrets of the city wall through which our city could now be considered the Rotenburg of Hungary ....

.. but the Fortchritt made particularly in the past, such thoughts do not stop ...

.. therefore it is even more to maintain the existing further and thus to preserve for posterity ..

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